Hi guys, sorry for the late reply,
I ended up measuring the cups again, and I noticed the ones that came with the BB are around 0.75mm thicker on each side, which is definitely something I missed!
I removed the Shimano cups and used the ones that came with the BB, and now the preload works perfectly fine without using any spacers. So I was right in thinking that the spacers are really for installing the BB on a mtb wide frame, but I was wrong in thinking the cups were always the same width. I usually disregarded those BBs that came with aliexpress cranksets as from my experience the bearings die very quickly, but maybe it's possible to just replace them with better bearings in the future...
Anyway thanks for the help guys!