You are most likely correct in your findings. Many of us had this problem, me included (on a vb-218). However, 3° is very very excessive.
I had approximately 1.5° misalignment on the rear brake
My solution was: I got post-mount brake calipers and aluminium adapters. I then machined down the adapters to compensate for the misalignment. But you need a mill for that..

Next cheap Chinese frame I buy will have rim brakes. Or I buy that hilariously expensive facing tool from parktool and rent it to people with the same problem