- How would you describe the difference in ride feel between having a long vs. a short frame? I want to imagine in what way I am going to feel different depending on whether I choose LTK266-D-SL vs. R088 compared to my VB-R-177.
- What kind of tradeoff are you, personally, trying to balance as you are moving the seat? More comfort vs. aero? Are you keeping the stem length and headset height the same as you experiment?
1. I've only ridden on a missized race bike frame a few times. I don't think I can advise you on how you will feel on a longer vs a shorter reach frame -- which will also mean different stacks and other geo changes. There are so many factors beyond height and inseam, like torso/arm length, flexibility, how many spacers, what your preferred arm/elbow angle is, what bar width you're going to use (relative to shoulder width)...i could go on and on. As you mentioned it's different if you are adding spacers. I recommend using a website like
www.bikegeocalc.com/ and actually inputting all of your current measurements and components and then mapping them onto the (possible) new frames, factoring in the new components you would have, such as a different bar-stem setup. You could replicate your current fit, at least. In terms of how changes to that fit will make you feel -- I can't tell you anything from here on the message board, and even with more info I'm not a bike fitter in the least

Why I go for smaller frame is partly wanting a lower stack and more seatpost - 58 usually have higher frame stack than I want. I like that pro look, too, with the long stem -- it's an aesthetic thing. And I don't feel cramped once I get the long stem, so why go bigger? Sorry for this rambly answer, but I'm really not a bike tester or all that experienced with different frames, I've just ridden my friends' bikes a few times and gravel race bikes with long reach and shorter stem to compensate (e.g. BMC kaius) and those experiences have generally confirmed my preferences for a road setup.
2. Just experimenting with ~5-10mm forward. It's trendy to be more forward and over top of the BB these days. I also moved from 172.5mm cranks to 170, so I wonder if that gives me some room to play with. I'm keeping the front end the same (can't change it without major expense anyways).
edit: one thing -- my LTK266-D-SL still has a lot more seatpost that could be exposed without getting close to the minimal insertion, so don't worry about that.