My understanding of progressive geometry is that the BB is effectively shifted rearward, which results in a steeper STA, longer WB/FC, and reach.
It's essentially slamming your saddle forward done the right way, without making the bike too front-heavy.
Are you looking at just the larger 2 sizes? The elements you identify are not very different than a Tarmac SL8 for the smallest three sizes. The larger two sizes do break from the norm, but this is because they chose not to steepen the front, kept the same STA, and the STR ratio is roughly the same. This bike is aggressive, but not to the point of requiring a different fit vs. something more traditional.
The progressive road fit is not usually defined as you did. It’s about shifting the rider forward and down relative to the BB. The bike fitting elements of that fit also involve shorter cranks and a lower saddle mitigate the effect of a forward position forcing a rider is “reach back” during the pedal stroke and loss of glute activation. The upside of doing this is aero. A lot of aero for some riders. Like a knocking .05 or more off your CDA in your aero position.
You are right that to make this work you need a steeper effective STA. 74 degrees is good for large sizes, but pretty standard for small and medium frames on race frames. Half the sizes of the Colnago V5RS have a STA > 74 deg.The seatpost clamp design will also play a role here. Ideally you also extend out the FC, drop the BB, and/or shrink the RC to restore the weight balance usually targeting something like the 60/40 rear bias. This bike has a BB on the lower end of standard, and a very safe 410mm RC.
If you are looking at the larger two sizes, this bike does have a longer FC and reach, but it still falls short of the Noah and VA AFO. For the same reach, the Noah fast is either 2.5cm or 5cm lower. I think the Dare is something like 1cm lower and 1cm longer. That a pretty significant amount of elbow room in both cases. This bike might help you a bit, but you are probably still slamming the seat all the way forward and using a long stem to get into that progressive position.
