Axle is too long or threads are too short. I would prefer this length axle with longer threading. Based on your measurements there is 6mm space before it protrudes on the drive side.
You should use as thin spacer as possible. With optimum thickness spacer you will be using all 15mm of the threads. 10mm too thick and it will engage only 5mm of the threads. At 15mm too thick the axle won't thread in at all. Someone more proficient with properties of materials is the one who to ask what is the minimum safe threading.
I've also been exchanging emails/pics/videos with Robert Axle Project, and this is their opinion (quoting their email) - it appears to be a multi-faceted issue:
• The axle appears to be bottoming out in the derailleur hanger, so it is too long.
• It looks like the frame is meant to be Universal Derailleur Hanger compatible, but the hanger and axle in the frame are not compliant with UDH standards - they use P1.5 thread instead of P1.0. If you replace the rear axle with another P1.5 axle, it will not be compatible with a real UDH down the road.
• The head of the axle appears to be in a recess on the non-drive side, and will require about ~2mm of spacers to work with the frame. We sell a 12x19x3mm flat spacer on our website that can take up the slack on the axle.
• If you want a shorter axle to replace your stock axle so that you do not need a spacer, we recommend LIG629
• If you want a UDH compatible rear axle and a standard UDH, we recommend LIG603 and our Universal Derailleur Hanger
I shared this feedback with Longteng, asking them to source the right TA and UDH.
My plan is to try the spacer first, and then probably replace the rear TA (good excuse to upgrade!).
Anyway, thanks for all the feedback, hope this also helps anyone considering this frame.