I discussed my issue over on the WW forum. Graeme Freestone King, pro mechanic and UK Campag distributor chimed in. He confirmed that my chainrings are to blame. There's already limited compatibility between original Campag 11sp rings and 12sp chains, usually at least resulting in accelerated wear. Now I'm running aftermarket chainrings, so compatibility is unknown. Shimano as well advises against combining 11sp chainrings and 12sp chains. I'm switching over to 12sp chainrings now.
I did another ride yesterday. I got around 400k on this groupset now and I can definitely see wear marks on bot chainrings that weren't there when I was using 11sp chains. I was hoping I could get around swapping chainrings, but oh well. So be it.